Clinical inquiries. Should patients receive 23-valent pneumococcal vaccination more than once?

No patient-oriented evidence supports pneumococcal revaccination of any patient (high-risk or otherwise). Antibody levels may be augmented by revaccination; however, the clinical efficacy of revaccination, even among high-risk patients, is unknown. Revaccination is recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) in certain circumstances (strength of recommendation [SOR]: C, expert opinion based on physiology/bench research). Revaccination once appears to be safe, especially if provided 5 years or more after primary vaccination (SOR: B, based upon consistent results of cohort studies and nonrandomized prospective trials).